Rachel Marta, Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial [w:] The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2019 : Vol. 7, iss. 1, p. 46-59,

Abstract

Benralizumab is an interleukin-5 receptor α-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that has been shown to safely reduce exacerbations and improve lung function for patients with asthma. We assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab for patients with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma.

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Bartosik-Psujek Halina,  Montalban Xavier, Arnold Douglas L., Weber Martin, Staikov Ivan, Piasecka-Stryczyńska Karolina, Willmer Jonathan, Martin Emily C., Dangond Fernando, Syed Sana, Wolinsky Jerry S.,  Placebo-Controlled Trial of an Oral BTK Inhibitor in Multiple Sclerosis [w:] New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 : Vol. 380, nr 25, s. 2406-2417, p-ISSN: 0028-4793  200pkt.

Abstract

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates the functions of B cells and myeloid cells that are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Evobrutinib is a selective oral BTK inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit B-cell activation both in vitro and in vivo.

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Widenka Kazimierz, Bilateral versus Single Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts at 10 Years  [w:] New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 : Vol. 380, iss. 5, s. 437-446,  p-ISSN: 0028-4793  200pkt.

Abstract

Multiple arterial grafts may result in longer survival than single arterial grafts after coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We evaluated the use of bilateral internal-thoracic-artery grafts for CABG.

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Mazur Artur, Bixby Honor, Bentham James, Zhou Bin, Di Cesare Mariachiara, Paciorek Christopher J., Bennett James E., Taddei Cristina, Stevens Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea, Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults [w:] Nature, 2019 : Vol. 569, iss. 7755, s. 260-264, p-ISSN: 1476-4687   200pkt.

Abstract

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3-6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.

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Filip Rafał , McClung Michael R., O'Donoghue Michelle L., Papapoulos Socrates E., Bone Henry G., Langdahl Bente Lomholt, Saag Kenneth G., Reid Ian R., Kiel Douglas P., , Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study[w:]Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2019 : Vol. 7, nr 12, p. 899-911, p-ISSN: 2213-8587         200pkt.

Abstract

Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

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 Machaczka Maciej, Using global team science to identify genetic parkinson's disease worldwide [w:] Annals of Neurology, 2019 : vol. 86, iss. 2, s. 153-157, p-ISSN: 0364-5134  200pkt.

Abstract

Talks on rare diseases in the field of neurology often start with a statement like this: “About 80% of all rare diseases have a neurologic manifestation and about 80% of those are genetic in origin”. Although these numbers probably represent more of an estimate than welldocumented evidence, rapidly advancing and cost-effective sequencing technologies have led to the quickly growing identification of patients with hereditary neurological diseases. While the importance of genetics for diagnosis and genetic counseling is undisputed, the recent development of first gene-targeted therapies entering clinical trial1,2 is adding an important new layer to the (re-)consideration of genetic testing in neurology. However, establishing accurate genotype-phenotype and genotype-treatment relationships requires large sample sizes. Systematic reviews can serve as instruments to combine information from several small samples, but unfortunately, this is often complicated by inconsistent and incomplete reporting of clinical and genetic data across studies. Thus, large multi-center approaches are necessary to systematically and uniformly characterize patients with genetic neurologic conditions and to eventually establish sizable clinical trial-ready cohorts.